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Slot - A set time when runway is assigned for a flight to take-off or land.
Standby - Is the situation when a traveller without a reservation
is waiting for a seat on a flight to become available. The passenger
is usually asked to report to the gate shortly before departure.
Slot A specially-shaped slot in the wing just behind the leading edge. This directs airflow from below to the top of the wing, and helps low-speed flight by delaying the stall. Because they are permanently-mounted, they do add drag. See also 'Slats'
Slow Roll A very slow version of the roll.
SLOT - A long, narrow, spanwise gap in a wing, usually near the leading edge, to improve airflow at high angles of attack for slower landing speeds.
SLOTTED FLAP - A flap that, when depressed, exposes a slot and increases airflow between itself and the rear edge of the wing.
~, slotted See slat.
SMD Stand-off Munitions Dispenser.
snap-downAir-to-air interception of low-flying aircraft by AAM fired from fighter at a higher altitude.
Time ~: A period of time allocated to an aircraft to take off.
TOGW: Take Off Gross Weight.
Ton (UK): Mass equal to 2 240 lb or 1 016 kg/1.016 tonnes. Commonly known as a long or gross ton.
Fixed ~
Filed Under: AviationTagged With: FAAPilot's Handbook
Fixed Wing (ICAO Definition) ...
~ TIME-
(See METER FIX TIME/~ TIME.)
SLOW TAXI- To taxi a floatplane at low power or low RPM.
~ - The gap between the slat and leading-edge of the main airfoil, which splits the airflow and maintains a smooth flow over the main airfoil upper surface.
SPAN - The distance from tip to tip of the wing or tailplane.
The ~ incorporated into the junction between the main wing and the plain flap in the slotted flap arrangement allows airflow from under the wing to energise (i.e. accelerate and smooth) the turbulent boundary layer flow over the upper surface of the lowered flap.
Leading edge slats prevent the stall up to approximately 30 degrees incidence (angle of attack) by picking up a lot of air from below, where the ~ is large (Figure 3), ...
Maintenance Data Terminal MEA Minimum Enroute Altitude MEARTS Micro-EARTSMEL Minimum Equipment List METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report METI Meteorological Information MF Middle Frequency MFJ Modified Final Judgment MFO Medical Field Office MFT Meter Fix Crossing Time/~ Time ...
The most expensive fix is construction of a leading edge ~. A 'cuff' or drooped leading edge may be used, a series of protrusions on the upper wing surface may be used to direct air flow even to the extent of being full chord 'fences' to prevent span-wise flow.
It follows that if we guide air through a narrowing ~ (a funnel) it must go faster and faster to get through and if the exit is smaller than the entrance we have a definite suction at the exit.
A ~ acts as a duct to force high-energy air down on the upper surface of the wing when the airplane is fling at a high angle of attack. The ~, which is located ahead of the aileron, causes the inboard portion of the wing to stall fist, allowing the aileron to remain effective throughout the stall.
The frise-type aileron also forms a ~ so air flows smoothly over the lowered aileron, making it more effective at high angles of attack. Frise-type ailerons may also be designed to function differentially. Like the differential aileron, the frise-type aileron does not eliminate adverse yaw entirely.
The receiver needs to set its own clock to the correct time ~. It does this by trying all the possible values. This process may take one or two seconds. In many GPS receivers this stage of the proceedings is shown on the display by the satellite acquisition histogram bar becoming visible as a hollow bar.
This is a small wing like device installed ahead of the wing leading edge so that the air can flow in between the slat and wing (~) at high angles of attack. Nowadays you will find automatically retractable slats as the fixed type creates a lot of drag at higher speeds.
We use a pump to create a supply of air at very high pressure.
The air comes out a nozzle. The result is a jet of high-velocity air at the same pressure as the local air.8
The jet shoots out of a ~ in the top of the wing, adding energy to the boundary layer at a place where this could be very helpful.
All suppliers are not created equal and it is absolutely necessary the builder sort out the rotten apples before tossing the envelope in the mail ~.
Not only must your heading be precise, but your altitude is critical--and you must judge both of these visually. In particular, you must be at an altitude that will clear the base of the launch pad, but be below the gantry arms. You'll be flying through a little square ~.
See also: What is the meaning of Landing, Aircraft, Pilot, Plane, Aviation?| ◄ Slop | Slow flight ► |
A landing slot, takeoff slot, or airport slot is a permission granted by the owner of an airport designated as Level 3 (Coordinated Airport), which allows the grantee to schedule a landing or departure at that airport during a specific time period.[1] Slots may be administered by the operator of the airport or by a government aviation regulator such as the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration.[2]
Landing slots are allocated in accordance with guidelines set down by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Worldwide Airport Slots Group. All airports worldwide are categorized as either Level 1 (Non-Coordinated Airport), Level 2 (Schedules Facilitated Airport), or Level 3 (Coordinated Airport). At Level 2 airports, the principles governing slot allocation are less stringent; airlines periodically submit proposed schedules to the administrating authority, rather than historic performance. Participation is not mandatory, but reduces congestion and non-participants are penalized if the airport must later be designated level 3.[2]
As of summer 2017, a total of 123 airports in the world are Level 2 airports, and 177 are Level 3 airports.[3]
Allocated landing slots may have a commercial value and can be traded between airlines. Continental Airlines paid US$209 million for four pairs of landing slots from GB Airways at London Heathrow Airport, $52.3m each.[4] The highest price paid for a pair of take-off and landing slots at Heathrow Airport was $75m, paid by Oman Air to Air France–KLM for a prized early morning arrival, reported in February 2016. A year before, American Airlines paid $60m to Scandinavian Airlines.[5]
| Year | Buyer | Seller | daily slot pairs | transaction (£M) | slot value (£M) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | BA | Air UK | 4 | 15.6 | 3.9 |
| 2002 | BA | BA Connect | 5 | 13 | 2.6 |
| 2002 | BA | SN Brussels | 7 | 27.5 | 3.9 |
| 2003 | BA | SWISS | 8 | 22.5 | 2.8 |
| 2003 | BA | United | 2 | 12 | 6 |
| 2004 | Virgin | Flybe | 4 | 20 | 5 |
| 2004 | Qantas | Flybe | 2 | 20 | 10 |
| 2006 | BA | BWIA | 1 | 5 | 5 |
| 2007 | BA | Malev | 2 | 7 | 3.5 |
| 2007 | BA | BA | 7.3 | 30 | 4.1 |
| 2007 | Virgin | Air Jamaica | 1 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| 2007 | BMI | 77.7 | 770 | 9.9 | |
| 2007 | unknown | Alitalia | 3 | 67 | 22.3 |
| 2008 | Continental | GB Airways/Alitalia/Air France | 4 | 104.5 | 26.1 |
| 2013 | Delta | unknown | 2 | 30.8 | 15.4 |
| 2013 | Etihad | Jet | 3 | 46.2 | 15.4 |
As supply is limited, slot trading became the main solution to enter Heathrow and transfers grew from 42 in 2000 to 526 in 2012 and over 10 years the average priced slot was equivalent to £4 per passenger.[7]
If an airline does not use an allocation of slots (typically 80% usage over six months), it can lose the rights. Airlines may operate ghost or empty flights to preserve slot allocations.[8] To avoid pollution and financial losses caused by an excessive number of empty flights, these rules have occasionally been waived during periods of temporary but widespread travel disruption, including after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and during the SARS epidemic, the Great Recession, and the COVID-19 pandemic.[9]
Level 3 coordinated airports[3][edit]
Australia[edit]
Austria[edit]
- Innsbruck Airport (winter season only)
Belgium[edit]
Brazil[edit]
Cambodia[edit]
Canada[edit]
Slots De Un Avion
Cape Verde[edit]
Colombia[edit]
Cuba[edit]
China[edit]
Czech Republic[edit]
Denmark[edit]
Finland[edit]
France[edit]
Germany[edit]
Ghana[edit]
- Kotoka International Airport - Accra
Greece[edit]
- Chania Airport (summer season only)
- Chios Airport (summer season only)
- Corfu Airport (summer season only)
- Heraklion Airport (summer season only)
- Kalamata Airport (summer season only)
- Karpathos Island National Airport (summer season only)
- Kavala Airport (summer season only)
- Kephalonia International Airport (summer season only)
- Kithira Airport (summer season only)
- Kos Airport (summer season only)
- Mykonos Airport (summer season only)
- Mytilene Airport (summer season only)
- Patras Airport (summer season only)
- Preveza Airport (summer season only)
- Rhodes Airport (summer season only)
- Samos Airport (summer season only)
- Sitia Public Airport (summer season only)
- Skiathos Airport (summer season only)
- Thira Airport (summer season only)
- Volos Airport (summer season only)
- Zakynthos International Airport (summer season only)
Greenland[edit]
Hong Kong[edit]
Iceland[edit]
India[edit]
- Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport - Mumbai
- Indira Gandhi International Airport - Delhi
- Chennai International Airport - Chennai
- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport - Hyderabad
- Kempegowda International Airport - Bangalore
Indonesia[edit]
- Ngurah Rai International Airport - Denpasar
- Soekarno-Hatta International Airport - Jakarta
Ireland[edit]
Israel[edit]
Italy[edit]
- Lampedusa Airport (summer season only)
- Linate Airport - Milan
- Malpensa Airport - Milan
- Orio al Serio Airport - Milan
- Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport (summer season only)
- Pantelleria Airport (summer season only)
- Ciampino Airport - Rome
- Fiumicino Airport - Rome
Japan[edit]
Slot - A set time when runway is assigned for a flight to take-off or land.
Standby - Is the situation when a traveller without a reservation
is waiting for a seat on a flight to become available. The passenger
is usually asked to report to the gate shortly before departure.
Slot A specially-shaped slot in the wing just behind the leading edge. This directs airflow from below to the top of the wing, and helps low-speed flight by delaying the stall. Because they are permanently-mounted, they do add drag. See also 'Slats'
Slow Roll A very slow version of the roll.
SLOT - A long, narrow, spanwise gap in a wing, usually near the leading edge, to improve airflow at high angles of attack for slower landing speeds.
SLOTTED FLAP - A flap that, when depressed, exposes a slot and increases airflow between itself and the rear edge of the wing.
~, slotted See slat.
SMD Stand-off Munitions Dispenser.
snap-downAir-to-air interception of low-flying aircraft by AAM fired from fighter at a higher altitude.
Time ~: A period of time allocated to an aircraft to take off.
TOGW: Take Off Gross Weight.
Ton (UK): Mass equal to 2 240 lb or 1 016 kg/1.016 tonnes. Commonly known as a long or gross ton.
Fixed ~
Filed Under: AviationTagged With: FAAPilot's Handbook
Fixed Wing (ICAO Definition) ...
~ TIME-
(See METER FIX TIME/~ TIME.)
SLOW TAXI- To taxi a floatplane at low power or low RPM.
~ - The gap between the slat and leading-edge of the main airfoil, which splits the airflow and maintains a smooth flow over the main airfoil upper surface.
SPAN - The distance from tip to tip of the wing or tailplane.
The ~ incorporated into the junction between the main wing and the plain flap in the slotted flap arrangement allows airflow from under the wing to energise (i.e. accelerate and smooth) the turbulent boundary layer flow over the upper surface of the lowered flap.
Leading edge slats prevent the stall up to approximately 30 degrees incidence (angle of attack) by picking up a lot of air from below, where the ~ is large (Figure 3), ...
Maintenance Data Terminal MEA Minimum Enroute Altitude MEARTS Micro-EARTSMEL Minimum Equipment List METAR Aviation Routine Weather Report METI Meteorological Information MF Middle Frequency MFJ Modified Final Judgment MFO Medical Field Office MFT Meter Fix Crossing Time/~ Time ...
The most expensive fix is construction of a leading edge ~. A 'cuff' or drooped leading edge may be used, a series of protrusions on the upper wing surface may be used to direct air flow even to the extent of being full chord 'fences' to prevent span-wise flow.
It follows that if we guide air through a narrowing ~ (a funnel) it must go faster and faster to get through and if the exit is smaller than the entrance we have a definite suction at the exit.
A ~ acts as a duct to force high-energy air down on the upper surface of the wing when the airplane is fling at a high angle of attack. The ~, which is located ahead of the aileron, causes the inboard portion of the wing to stall fist, allowing the aileron to remain effective throughout the stall.
The frise-type aileron also forms a ~ so air flows smoothly over the lowered aileron, making it more effective at high angles of attack. Frise-type ailerons may also be designed to function differentially. Like the differential aileron, the frise-type aileron does not eliminate adverse yaw entirely.
The receiver needs to set its own clock to the correct time ~. It does this by trying all the possible values. This process may take one or two seconds. In many GPS receivers this stage of the proceedings is shown on the display by the satellite acquisition histogram bar becoming visible as a hollow bar.
This is a small wing like device installed ahead of the wing leading edge so that the air can flow in between the slat and wing (~) at high angles of attack. Nowadays you will find automatically retractable slats as the fixed type creates a lot of drag at higher speeds.
We use a pump to create a supply of air at very high pressure.
The air comes out a nozzle. The result is a jet of high-velocity air at the same pressure as the local air.8
The jet shoots out of a ~ in the top of the wing, adding energy to the boundary layer at a place where this could be very helpful.
All suppliers are not created equal and it is absolutely necessary the builder sort out the rotten apples before tossing the envelope in the mail ~.
Not only must your heading be precise, but your altitude is critical--and you must judge both of these visually. In particular, you must be at an altitude that will clear the base of the launch pad, but be below the gantry arms. You'll be flying through a little square ~.
See also: What is the meaning of Landing, Aircraft, Pilot, Plane, Aviation?| ◄ Slop | Slow flight ► |
A landing slot, takeoff slot, or airport slot is a permission granted by the owner of an airport designated as Level 3 (Coordinated Airport), which allows the grantee to schedule a landing or departure at that airport during a specific time period.[1] Slots may be administered by the operator of the airport or by a government aviation regulator such as the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration.[2]
Landing slots are allocated in accordance with guidelines set down by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Worldwide Airport Slots Group. All airports worldwide are categorized as either Level 1 (Non-Coordinated Airport), Level 2 (Schedules Facilitated Airport), or Level 3 (Coordinated Airport). At Level 2 airports, the principles governing slot allocation are less stringent; airlines periodically submit proposed schedules to the administrating authority, rather than historic performance. Participation is not mandatory, but reduces congestion and non-participants are penalized if the airport must later be designated level 3.[2]
As of summer 2017, a total of 123 airports in the world are Level 2 airports, and 177 are Level 3 airports.[3]
Allocated landing slots may have a commercial value and can be traded between airlines. Continental Airlines paid US$209 million for four pairs of landing slots from GB Airways at London Heathrow Airport, $52.3m each.[4] The highest price paid for a pair of take-off and landing slots at Heathrow Airport was $75m, paid by Oman Air to Air France–KLM for a prized early morning arrival, reported in February 2016. A year before, American Airlines paid $60m to Scandinavian Airlines.[5]
| Year | Buyer | Seller | daily slot pairs | transaction (£M) | slot value (£M) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | BA | Air UK | 4 | 15.6 | 3.9 |
| 2002 | BA | BA Connect | 5 | 13 | 2.6 |
| 2002 | BA | SN Brussels | 7 | 27.5 | 3.9 |
| 2003 | BA | SWISS | 8 | 22.5 | 2.8 |
| 2003 | BA | United | 2 | 12 | 6 |
| 2004 | Virgin | Flybe | 4 | 20 | 5 |
| 2004 | Qantas | Flybe | 2 | 20 | 10 |
| 2006 | BA | BWIA | 1 | 5 | 5 |
| 2007 | BA | Malev | 2 | 7 | 3.5 |
| 2007 | BA | BA | 7.3 | 30 | 4.1 |
| 2007 | Virgin | Air Jamaica | 1 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| 2007 | BMI | 77.7 | 770 | 9.9 | |
| 2007 | unknown | Alitalia | 3 | 67 | 22.3 |
| 2008 | Continental | GB Airways/Alitalia/Air France | 4 | 104.5 | 26.1 |
| 2013 | Delta | unknown | 2 | 30.8 | 15.4 |
| 2013 | Etihad | Jet | 3 | 46.2 | 15.4 |
As supply is limited, slot trading became the main solution to enter Heathrow and transfers grew from 42 in 2000 to 526 in 2012 and over 10 years the average priced slot was equivalent to £4 per passenger.[7]
If an airline does not use an allocation of slots (typically 80% usage over six months), it can lose the rights. Airlines may operate ghost or empty flights to preserve slot allocations.[8] To avoid pollution and financial losses caused by an excessive number of empty flights, these rules have occasionally been waived during periods of temporary but widespread travel disruption, including after the September 11, 2001 attacks, and during the SARS epidemic, the Great Recession, and the COVID-19 pandemic.[9]
Level 3 coordinated airports[3][edit]
Australia[edit]
Austria[edit]
- Innsbruck Airport (winter season only)
Belgium[edit]
Brazil[edit]
Cambodia[edit]
Canada[edit]
Slots De Un Avion
Cape Verde[edit]
Colombia[edit]
Cuba[edit]
China[edit]
Czech Republic[edit]
Denmark[edit]
Finland[edit]
France[edit]
Germany[edit]
Ghana[edit]
- Kotoka International Airport - Accra
Greece[edit]
- Chania Airport (summer season only)
- Chios Airport (summer season only)
- Corfu Airport (summer season only)
- Heraklion Airport (summer season only)
- Kalamata Airport (summer season only)
- Karpathos Island National Airport (summer season only)
- Kavala Airport (summer season only)
- Kephalonia International Airport (summer season only)
- Kithira Airport (summer season only)
- Kos Airport (summer season only)
- Mykonos Airport (summer season only)
- Mytilene Airport (summer season only)
- Patras Airport (summer season only)
- Preveza Airport (summer season only)
- Rhodes Airport (summer season only)
- Samos Airport (summer season only)
- Sitia Public Airport (summer season only)
- Skiathos Airport (summer season only)
- Thira Airport (summer season only)
- Volos Airport (summer season only)
- Zakynthos International Airport (summer season only)
Greenland[edit]
Hong Kong[edit]
Iceland[edit]
India[edit]
- Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport - Mumbai
- Indira Gandhi International Airport - Delhi
- Chennai International Airport - Chennai
- Rajiv Gandhi International Airport - Hyderabad
- Kempegowda International Airport - Bangalore
Indonesia[edit]
- Ngurah Rai International Airport - Denpasar
- Soekarno-Hatta International Airport - Jakarta
Ireland[edit]
Israel[edit]
Italy[edit]
- Lampedusa Airport (summer season only)
- Linate Airport - Milan
- Malpensa Airport - Milan
- Orio al Serio Airport - Milan
- Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport (summer season only)
- Pantelleria Airport (summer season only)
- Ciampino Airport - Rome
- Fiumicino Airport - Rome
Japan[edit]
Malaysia[edit]
Mauritius[edit]
- Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport - Mauritius
Mexico[edit]
Morocco[edit]
Netherlands[edit]
New Zealand[edit]
Norway[edit]
Pakistan[edit]
Philippines[edit]
Poland[edit]
Portugal[edit]
- Faro Airport (summer season only)
Russia[edit]
- Sheremetyevo Airport - Moscow
- Vnukovo International Airport - Moscow
Saudi Arabia[edit]
Singapore[edit]
South Africa[edit]
- King Shaka International Airport - Durban
- OR Tambo International Airport - Johannesburg
South Korea[edit]
Spain[edit]
- Ibiza Airport (summer season only)
- Menorca Airport (summer season only)
Sri Lanka[edit]
Sweden[edit]
Switzerland[edit]
Taiwan[edit]
Thailand[edit]
- Suvarnabhumi Airport - Bangkok
- Don Mueang International Airport - Bangkok
Tunisia[edit]
Turkey[edit]
- Antalya Airport - Antalya (summer season only)
Ukraine[edit]
Slots Davinci Diamonds
- Boryspil International Airport - Kiev
United Arab Emirates[edit]
United Kingdom[edit]
United States[edit]
- John F. Kennedy International Airport - New York City
- LaGuardia Airport (not on IATA list, but slot controlled)[10]
- Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport - Washington, D.C. (not on IATA list, but slot controlled)[10]
Slot Aviona
Vietnam[edit]
Slots Online
- Noi Bai International Airport - Hanoi
- Tan Son Nhat International Airport - Ho Chi Minh City
References[edit]
- ^'Worldwide Slot Guidelines, 9th Edition English Version'(PDF). IATA. 1 January 2019. p. 14.
- ^ abSlot Administration - U.S. Level 2 Airports
- ^ ab'List of all Level 2 and Level 3 airports'. iata.org. 29 May 2018.
- ^'Continental pays Heathrow record'. Financial Times. March 3, 2008.
- ^'Oman breaks Heathrow record with deal for slots'. The Sunday Times. 14 February 2016.
- ^'Heathrow Airport's slot machine: hitting the jackpot again?'. CAPA centre for aviation. 8 May 2013.
- ^'Heathrow Airport: An introduction to Secondary Slot Trading'(PDF). Airport Coordination Limited. 30 September 2012. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 March 2016.
- ^Green anger at 'ghost flights'
- ^Paul Sillers (12 March 2020). 'Ghost flights: Why our skies are full of empty planes'.
- ^ ab'Airport Reservation Office'. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
